Supported Blockchains Overview

Multi-Chain Architecture

SSP Wallet supports 13 mainnet blockchain networks (plus testnets and Solana devnet) with true multisignature capabilities across UTXO, EVM-compatible and Solana blockchains. Each network uses the optimal implementation:

• UTXO Networks: Native P2SH/P2WSH multisignature addresses

• EVM Networks: ERC-4337 smart-contract accounts (CREATE2-derived), controlled by a 2-of-2 Schnorr multisig — not EOAs

• Account Abstraction: The native and only EVM mode; every EVM address is an ERC-4337 smart account signed by both keys

• Solana: SSP's own self-initiating on-chain multisig program; funds live in a Program-Derived Address vault

All networks maintain the same 2-of-2 multisignature security model using BIP48 key derivation.

🔗 Supported Networks

Bitcoin-Based (UTXO) Networks

Bitcoin (BTC)

• Network: Bitcoin Mainnet

• Address Type: P2WSH (Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash) multisignature

• Derivation Path: m/48'/0'/0'/2'/0/0

• Script Type: p2wsh (SegWit native)

• Features:

  • Native 2-of-2 multisignature addresses

  • Replace-by-Fee (RBF) support

  • SegWit for lower fees and faster confirmation

  • Bech32 address format (bc1...)

// Actual Bitcoin configuration from blockchains.ts
const btc = {
  id: 'btc',
  libid: 'bitcoin',
  name: 'Bitcoin',
  symbol: 'BTC',
  decimals: 8,
  slip: 0, // BIP44 coin type
  scriptType: 'p2wsh', // SegWit multisig
  bech32: 'bc1',
  dustLimit: 546, // 546 satoshi minimum
  minFeePerByte: 1,
  feePerByte: 100, // Default fee rate
  rbf: true // Replace-by-Fee enabled
};

Bitcoin Testnet & Signet

• Bitcoin Testnet: Testing network with same features as mainnet

  • Bech32 Prefix: tb1

  • Script Type: p2wsh

  • Fee Rate: 5 sat/vbyte (lower for testing)

• Bitcoin Signet: Controlled test network

  • More Reliable: Consistent block production

  • Same Configuration: As testnet but different network

Litecoin (LTC)

• Network: Litecoin Mainnet

• Address Type: P2WSH multisignature

• Derivation Path: m/48'/2'/0'/2'/0/0

• Script Type: p2wsh

• Features:

  • 2.5-minute block times (4x faster than Bitcoin)

  • Lower transaction fees

  • Scrypt mining algorithm

  • Bech32 addresses (ltc1...)

Zcash (ZEC)

• Network: Zcash Mainnet

• Address Type: P2SH multisignature (transparent addresses)

• Script Type: p2sh

• Derivation Path: m/48'/133'/0'/0'/0/0

• Features:

  • Transparent transactions only (t-addresses)

  • Transaction expiry (1 hour default)

  • Overwinter and Sapling protocol support

Dogecoin (DOGE)

• Network: Dogecoin Mainnet

• Address Type: P2SH multisignature

• Script Type: p2sh

• Derivation Path: m/48'/3'/0'/0'/0/0

• Features:

  • Very low transaction fees (typically well under 1 DOGE; auto-computed from transaction size at ~1100 sat/byte and hard-capped at 100 DOGE by config)

  • High transaction throughput

  • 1-minute block times

Ravencoin (RVN)

• Network: Ravencoin Mainnet

• Address Type: P2SH multisignature

• Script Type: p2sh

• Derivation Path: m/48'/175'/0'/0'/0/0

• Features:

  • Asset creation and transfer capabilities

  • 1-minute block times

  • ASIC-resistant mining (KAWPOW algorithm)

  • Built-in asset layer

Flux (FLUX)

• Network: Flux Mainnet + Testnet

• Address Type: P2SH multisignature

• Script Type: p2sh

• Derivation Path: m/48'/19167'/0'/0'/0/0 (Flux-specific coin type)

• Features:

  • Native integration with Flux decentralized cloud

  • Transaction expiry (30 blocks, ~1 hour)

  • Built-in message capability (80 bytes)

  • Special integration with SSP ecosystem

Bitcoin Cash (BCH)

• Network: Bitcoin Cash Mainnet

• Address Type: P2SH multisignature

• Script Type: p2sh

• Derivation Path: m/48'/145'/0'/0'/0/0

• Features:

  • CashAddr address format (bitcoincash: prefix)

  • Low fees and fast confirmations

Ethereum-Compatible (EVM) Networks

Ethereum (ETH)

• Network: Ethereum Mainnet

• Chain ID: 1 (0x1)

• Address Type: ERC-4337 smart-contract account (0x…), CREATE2-derived and controlled by a 2-of-2 Schnorr multisig — not a plain EOA

• Account Abstraction: Native and only EVM mode (no EOA option)

• Features:

  • Schnorr multisig message signing for enhanced security

  • EIP-712 structured data signing

  • WalletConnect v2 integration

  • Account Abstraction (ERC-4337) — native and mandatory for all EVM addresses (no EOA option)

  • DeFi protocol compatibility

// Actual Ethereum configuration from blockchains.ts
const eth = {
  id: 'eth',
  libid: 'mainnet',
  chainId: '1',
  chainType: 'evm',
  symbol: 'ETH',
  decimals: 18,
  backend: 'alchemy',
  // Account Abstraction support
  factoryAddress: '0x3974821943e9cA3549744D910999332eE387Fda4',
  entrypointAddress: '0x5FF137D4b0FDCD49DcA30c7CF57E578a026d2789',
  baseFee: 11, // 11 gwei
  priorityFee: 2, // 2 gwei
  gasLimit: 750000
};

Polygon (POL)

• Network: Polygon Mainnet

• Chain ID: 137 (0x89)

• Address Type: ERC-4337 smart-contract account (0x…), CREATE2-derived and controlled by a 2-of-2 Schnorr multisig — not a plain EOA

• Features:

  • Very low transaction fees (~$0.01)

  • Fast 2-second block times

  • Full Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility

  • Account Abstraction support

  • Extensive DeFi ecosystem

Binance Smart Chain (BSC)

• Network: BNB Smart Chain

• Chain ID: 56 (0x38)

• Address Type: ERC-4337 smart-contract account (0x…), CREATE2-derived and controlled by a 2-of-2 Schnorr multisig — not a plain EOA

• Features:

  • Low fees (typically $0.10-2.00)

  • High transaction throughput

  • 3-second block times

  • Binance ecosystem integration

  • Account Abstraction support

Avalanche (AVAX)

• Network: Avalanche C-Chain

• Chain ID: 43114 (0xa86a)

• Address Type: ERC-4337 smart-contract account (0x…), CREATE2-derived and controlled by a 2-of-2 Schnorr multisig — not a plain EOA

• Features:

  • Sub-second transaction finality

  • Low fees (~$0.10-5.00)

  • Unique Avalanche consensus mechanism

  • Account Abstraction support

  • Growing DeFi ecosystem

Base

• Network: Base Mainnet (Coinbase L2)

• Chain ID: 8453 (0x2105)

• Address Type: ERC-4337 smart-contract account (0x…), CREATE2-derived and controlled by a 2-of-2 Schnorr multisig — not a plain EOA

• Features:

  • Coinbase-backed Layer 2 solution

  • Very low fees (~$0.01-0.50)

  • Optimistic rollup technology

  • Growing consumer application ecosystem

  • Account Abstraction support

Solana Network

Solana (SOL)

• Network: Solana Mainnet Beta

• Address Type: Program-Derived Address (PDA) vault, owned by SystemProgram

• Multisig Program: SSPWVu7dtTDkZYmDx73StqV46PioSmdiNE7igpjHK1r

• Derivation: The multisig PDA is derived from sha256(sorted_members) + threshold, so its address is knowable — and fundable — before any on-chain action

• Features:

  • SSP's own self-initiating multisig program (not Squads)

  • Permissionless registration; spends gated purely by the M-of-N threshold check

  • Immutable member set and threshold (migrate funds to rotate)

  • SPL token support, including USDC

  • Reproducible builds verifiable against the public source via solana-verify

Devnet runs a separate deployment of the same program (CisPSFTQoTnEqn5cUi1pgpfPp2xiTVRkK7eD5jBevxdX) under its own keypair and upgrade authority. The program IDs differ by design — a vault address is derived from the program ID, so the two clusters never share addresses.

Testnets

The following testnets are available:

• Sepolia - Ethereum testnet (not Goerli)

• Amoy - Polygon testnet (not Mumbai)

• Bitcoin Testnet - Bitcoin testing network

• Bitcoin Signet - Controlled Bitcoin test network

• Flux Testnet - Flux testing network

• Solana Devnet - Solana testing network

🔧 Network-Specific Features

UTXO Networks (Bitcoin-based)

Transaction Construction

// UTXO transaction structure
interface UTXOTransaction {
  inputs: Array<{
    txid: string;
    vout: number;
    value: number;
    scriptSig: string;
  }>;
  outputs: Array<{
    address: string;
    value: number;
  }>;
  fee: number;
  rbf: boolean; // Replace-by-Fee
}

Multi-Signature Implementation

• 2-of-2 P2SH: Standard multisig with script hash

• 2-of-2 P2WSH: SegWit wrapped multisig (lower fees)

• Address Generation: Both public keys required

• Signing Process: Sequential signing by both keys

EVM Networks (Ethereum-compatible)

Transaction Structure

// EVM transaction structure
interface EVMTransaction {
  to: string;
  value: string;
  data: string;
  gasLimit: string;
  gasPrice: string; // or maxFeePerGas/maxPriorityFeePerGas for EIP-1559
  nonce: number;
  chainId: number;
}

Smart Contract Integration

• Contract Calls: Direct smart contract interaction

• Token Transfers: ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155 support

• DeFi Protocols: Uniswap, Aave, Compound integration

• Account Abstraction: ERC-4337 compatible wallets

🌍 Network Selection & Switching

Network Selection

SSP Wallet does not infer the network from a recipient address or token contract. The active network is selected explicitly:

• User selection: You pick the active chain in the wallet's chain selector; each chain has its own wallet and send view.

• dApp request: A connected dApp can request a switch via WalletConnect's wallet_switchEthereumChain, which SSP maps to a matching configured EVM chain and surfaces for your approval.

When you paste a recipient address, SSP validates it against the currently selected chain and warns you only if the address looks like it belongs to a different chain type (EVM / Solana / UTXO). Because all EVM chains share the same 0x address format, SSP cannot detect which EVM network an address belongs to — always confirm you are on the intended network before sending, as transactions are irreversible.

Manual Network Switching

// Request network switch
await sspProvider.request({
  method: 'wallet_switchEthereumChain',
  params: [{ chainId: '0x89' }] // Polygon
});

// Add custom network
await sspProvider.request({
  method: 'wallet_addEthereumChain',
  params: [{
    chainId: '0x2105', // Base
    chainName: 'Base',
    nativeCurrency: {
      name: 'Ether',
      symbol: 'ETH', 
      decimals: 18
    },
    rpcUrls: ['https://mainnet.base.org'],
    blockExplorerUrls: ['https://basescan.org']
  }]
});

⚡ Network Performance & Fees

Transaction Speed Comparison

Network	Block Time	Typical Confirmation Time	Finality
Bitcoin	~10 minutes	30-60 minutes (3-6 blocks)	6+ blocks
Ethereum	~12 seconds	1-5 minutes (5-25 blocks)	~15 minutes
Polygon	~2 seconds	30-60 seconds	~30 seconds
BSC	~3 seconds	30-90 seconds	~45 seconds
Avalanche	~2 seconds	10-30 seconds	Sub-second
Base	~2 seconds	30-60 seconds	~2 minutes

Fee Comparison (Typical)

Network	Transfer Fee	Token Transfer	Swap Fee	DeFi Interaction
Bitcoin	$1-10	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ethereum	$5-50	$10-100	$20-200	$50-500
Polygon	$0.01-1	$0.02-2	$0.10-5	$0.50-10
BSC	$0.10-2	$0.20-3	$0.50-5	$1-20
Avalanche	$0.10-5	$0.20-8	$1-15	$2-30
Base	$0.01-2	$0.05-5	$0.20-10	$1-25

Fees vary based on network congestion and transaction complexity

🔍 Block Explorers

Mainnet Explorers

• Bitcoin: mempool.space, blockstream.info

• Ethereum: etherscan.io

• Polygon: polygonscan.com

• BSC: bscscan.com

• Avalanche: snowtrace.io

• Base: basescan.org

• Flux: explorer.runonflux.io

• Solana: explorer.solana.com

Testnet Explorers

• Bitcoin Testnet: mempool.space/testnet

• Sepolia: sepolia.etherscan.io

• Amoy: amoy.polygonscan.com

• Solana Devnet: explorer.solana.com?cluster=devnet

🛠️ Development & Testing

Testnet Information

For testnet tokens and development resources, consult official network documentation.

Network Configuration for Development

Development configurations are available in the SSP Wallet source code. Refer to the blockchains.ts file for accurate network parameters.

🔮 Networks Under Evaluation

Research Phase

• Cardano: Multi-signature implementation research in progress

• Cosmos: Inter-blockchain communication and multisig evaluation

• TRON: TRC-20 and native multisig assessment

• NEAR: Account model and multisig capabilities evaluation

For detailed information, see Networks Under Evaluation.

Community Requests

Submit requests for new network support on GitHub.

🎯 Network Selection Best Practices

For Users

1. Bitcoin: Long-term storage, high-value transfers

2. Ethereum: DeFi, NFTs, complex smart contracts

3. Polygon/BSC: Frequent trading, gaming, low-value transfers

4. Avalanche/Base: DeFi with better UX, moderate fees

5. Testnets: Always test before mainnet transactions

For Developers

1. Test on testnets first before mainnet deployment

2. Consider fee structures for your application's use case

3. Plan for network congestion during high-traffic periods

4. Implement network switching for better user experience

5. Monitor network health and have fallback options

📊 Network Health Monitoring

Real-Time Status

SSP Wallet displays real-time sync status for all supported networks within the application.

Performance Metrics

• Block height synchronization

• Transaction pool status

• Network fee recommendations

• Connection health indicators

Next Steps

• Bitcoin & UTXO Management - Deep dive into UTXO networks

• Ethereum & EVM Networks - EVM-specific features and optimization

• Gas Optimization Strategies - Reduce transaction costs

• Custom Token Management - Add and manage custom tokens